Orbital data centers are essentially computing infrastructures launched into space, often to low Earth orbit (LEO) or cislunar space. They are designed to harness abundant solar energy, which is more efficient and consistent in space due to the absence of atmospheric interference. The vacuum of space also offers a natural cooling environment, mitigating the immense heat generated by powerful processors and reducing the need for terrestrial water-based cooling systems. These data centers would process and store data, potentially running AI/ML models and providing cloud computing services directly to satellites, constellations, and other spacecraft. Companies like Google, SpaceX, Nvidia, IBM, and Hewlett Packard Enterprise are exploring and investing in this technology, with some already launching prototype hardware into orbit. The market for in-orbit data centers is projected for significant growth, with estimates reaching nearly $39.1 billion by 2035.
